The Canadian leader hailed a "landmark deal" under a "new strategic partnership" with China, turning the page on years of diplomatic spats, tit-for-tat arrests and tariff disputes.
Carney has sought to reduce his country's reliance on the United States, its key economic partner and traditional ally, as President Donald Trump has aggressively raised tariffs on Canadian products.
"Canada and China have reached a preliminary but landmark trade agreement to remove trade barriers and reduce tariffs," Carney told a news conference after meeting with Xi.
Under the deal, China - which used to be Canada's largest market for canola seed - is expected to reduce tariffs on canola products by March 1 to around 15 percent, down from the current 84 percent.
China will also allow Canadian visitors to enter the country visa?free.
In turn, Canada will import 49,000 Chinese electric vehicles (EVs) under new, preferential tariffs of 6.1 percent.
"This is a return to the levels that existed prior to recent trade frictions," Carney said of the EV deal.
Trump, who has cut off trade talks with Ottawa and insists the United States does not need any products from its northern neighbour, told reporters it was "good" that Carney had secured an agreement during his trip.
"If he can get a trade deal with China, he should do that," the president said.
The head of the Canola Council of Canada, Chris Davison, called the deal an "important milestone".
But the Global Automakers of Canada, an industry group, voiced concern.
The deal may be an "expression of goodwill" to ease pressure on the canola industry, but allowing thousands of Chinese EVs into Canada at a low tariff rate "risks creating significant market distortions" and could hurt companies that employ Canadians, the group said.
- 'Right track' -
Welcoming Carney in the Great Hall of the People, Xi said China-Canada relations reached a turning point at their last meeting on the sidelines of the APEC summit in October.
"It can be said that our meeting last year opened a new chapter in turning China-Canada relations toward improvement," Xi told the Canadian leader.
"The healthy and stable development of China-Canada relations serves the common interests of our two countries," he said, adding he was "glad" to see discussions over the last few months to restore cooperation.
Ties between the two nations withered in 2018 over Canada's arrest of the daughter of Huawei's founder on a US warrant, and China's retaliatory detention of two Canadians on espionage charges.
The two countries imposed tariffs on each other's exports in the years that ensued, with China also accused of interfering in Canada's elections.
But Carney has sought a pivot, and Beijing has also said it is willing to get relations back on "the right track".
The Canadian leader, who on Thursday met with Premier Li Qiang, is also scheduled to hold talks with business leaders to discuss trade.
Canada, traditionally a staunch US ally, has been hit especially hard by Trump's steep tariffs on steel, aluminium, vehicles and lumber.
Washington's moves have prompted Canada to seek business elsewhere.
In October, Carney said Canada should double its non-US exports by 2035 to reduce reliance on the United States.
But the United States remains far and away its largest market, buying around 75 percent of Canadian goods in 2024, according to Canadian government statistics.
While Ottawa has stressed that China is Canada's second-largest market, it lags far behind, buying less than four percent of Canadian exports in 2024.
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