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DISASTER MANAGEMENT
Cost from disasters quadrupled in 30 years: World Bank
by Staff Writers
Warsaw (AFP) Nov 18, 2013


Disaster systems failed, says Philippine president
Tacloban, Philippines (AFP) Nov 18, 2013 - Philippine President Benigno Aquino on Monday blamed the slow response to the ravages of Typhoon Haiyan on the total collapse of local government in the face of the storm's unprecedented destructive power.

"The systems failed," Aquino acknowledged as he toured areas devastated by the super typhoon that smashed through the central Philippines on November 8, killing thousands and laying waste to entire towns and villages.

"We had a breakdown in power, a breakdown in communications... a breakdown in practically everything," Aquino told reporters.

The president, who was criticised for the initial delay in getting relief to the worst-hit areas, argued that the local authorities had primary responsibility as first responders.

"But the destructive force of this typhoon was of such a magnitude that even those personnel... were themselves victims," he said, noting that only 20 police officers in Tacloban -- the affected region's largest city -- were able to report to work the day after the storm.

"So we have to admit, there was a breakdown in terms of government and there was a cascading effect," said Aquino.

The lion's share of the aid burden has been taken up by a massive global relief effort spearheaded by the United States, which deployed an aircraft carrier strike force to help distribute emergency supplies.

As of Monday the official death toll stood at 3,976 with 1,602 people missing. The United Nations estimates up to four million people have been displaced.

The bill from natural and weather disasters is nearly $200 billion (150 billion euros) a year, four times higher than in the 1980s, the World Bank said on Monday.

"As the global climate continues to change, the costs and damages from more extreme weather related to a warming planet are growing," it reported on the sidelines of UN climate talks in Warsaw.

Disasters cost nearly $4 trillion (2.96 trillion euros) over the last 30 years, about two-thirds of which was due to extreme storms, floods and drought, and killed more than 2.5 million people, it said in a cost analysis.

World Bank president Jim Yong Kim said that Typhoon Haiyan, the most powerful typhoon ever to hit the Philippines, had "brought into sharp focus how climate change is intensifying the severity of extreme weather events."

He said in the report: "Such tragic events show that the world can no longer afford to put off action to slow greenhouse emissions, and help countries prepare for a world of greater climate and disaster risks."

The document included estimates of the cost from lives and jobs lost as well as damage to property and infrastructure.

In the 1980s, it said, the annual cost was about $50 billion, quadrupling to $200 billion per year in the last decade.

"Weather-related economic impacts are especially high in fast-growing, middle-income countries due to increasingly exposed, valuable assets," said the report.

In these economies, "the average impact of disasters equalled one percent of GDP (gross domestic product) over the six years from 2001 to 2006, 10 times higher than the average for high-income countries."

Those further down the ladder of development experienced a correspondingly greater loss of GDP.

Hurricane Tomas wiped out the equivalent of 43 percent of the GDP of St Lucia in 2010.

The 2008-11 drought in the Horn of Africa, which at its peak saw 13.3 million people without enough food, caused estimated losses of $12.1 billion in Kenya alone.

The World Bank said more must be done to help vulnerable countries adapt to climate change and prepare for weather disasters.

Building disaster-resilient infrastructure and early warning systems may be costly but saves countless lives and typically yield benefits four to 36 times higher than the initial outlay.

"Cyclone Phailin which hit Odisha and Andrah Pradesh in 2013 resulted in 40 deaths after years of disaster risk prevention and preparedness, compared to the 10,000 who perished during a similar event in 1999," said the report.

While no single weather event can be blamed with certainty on climate change, scientists have long been warning of ever more extreme floods, heat-waves, cyclones and other effects of a warming planet.

There is also damage from slower onset changes -- sea level rise drowning small islands, salinisation of freshwater sources and longer, harsher droughts.

The bill is complex, deriving also from a country's preparedness to cope with disasters.

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