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India appoints 'China expert' as new defence chief
By Jalees ANDRABI
New Delhi (AFP) Sept 29, 2022

Japan urges 'stable' China ties, 50 years after normalisation
Tokyo (AFP) Sept 29, 2022 - Japan called Thursday for "constructive and stable" ties with China as the two sides marked 50 years since the normalisation of relations, albeit with little public fanfare.

Growing friction over China's military might and regional sabre-rattling has left ties between Beijing and Tokyo frosty, and there was no major diplomatic ceremony to mark the anniversary.

Instead, messages from Japanese Prime Minister Fumio Kishida and Chinese President Xi Jinping were read out at an event in Tokyo backed by the government and the Chinese embassy, and hosted by the powerful Keidanren business lobby.

In his message, Kishida, who was not present at the event, warned that relations with China, "while possessing various possibilities, face many challenges and issues".

"I would like to build constructive and stable Japan-China relations for the peace and prosperity of not only our two nations but also the region and the world," he said.

Xi said in his message that ties were of "great importance", adding he was willing to work with Kishida to use the anniversary as an "opportunity".

The countries should "work together to build a China-Japan relationship that meets the requirements of the new era," he added.

The world's second and third-largest economies are key trading partners and just a few years ago seemed poised for a diplomatic blossoming, with plans for a state visit by Xi.

Since then, ties have significantly soured as Beijing bolsters its military, projects power regionally and beyond, and takes a harder line on disputed territory.

In recent months, Chinese missiles are believed by Japan to have fallen within its exclusive economic zone, and Tokyo has protested what it calls growing aerial and maritime violations.

Japan also regularly complains about Chinese activity around the disputed Tokyo-controlled Senkaku Islands, which Beijing claims and calls the Diaoyus.

The war in Ukraine has only deepened the divide, with Japan backing Western allies opposed to Russia's invasion while Beijing avoids criticising Moscow.

Japan's brutal occupation of parts of China before and during World War II also remains a sore point, with Beijing accusing Tokyo of failing to atone for its past.

Despite all the tensions, the two countries remain economically intertwined: China is Japan's largest trading partner and Japan is China's second-largest after the United States.

And there have been reports that Xi and Kishida could hold talks online or in person in the coming months.

India has appointed as its new defence chief a general who led forces on its disputed frontier with China, as New Delhi seeks to counter Beijing's growing military assertiveness.

Lieutenant General Anil Chauhan's appointment comes in the midst of a root-and-branch reform of India's armed forces, and nearly a year after the previous defence chief died in a helicopter crash.

India has been wary of its northern neighbour's growing troop presence along their immense frontier, and border disputes -- including deadly Himalayan clashes in 2020 -- have been a perennial source of tension.

Chauhan, described as a "China expert" by local media, had been serving as counsel to India's national security adviser after his retirement from active service last year.

He will take up the role of chief of defence staff "until further orders", a defence ministry statement said late Wednesday.

Chauhan commanded ground forces on India's eastern front -- including much of the disputed border with China -- before stepping down.

Both countries fought a full-scale war in the region in 1962 for control of India's northeastern state of Arunachal Pradesh, which China claims in its entirety and considers part of Tibet.

New Delhi and Beijing have regularly accused each other of trying to seize territory at key flashpoints along their 3,500-kilometre (2,200-mile) divide, known as the Line of Actual Control.

Their troops fought a high-altitude skirmish in 2020 along the border dividing Tibet from India's state of Ladakh, killing 20 Indian and at least four Chinese soldiers, and precipitating a sharp deterioration in relations.

But both countries this month began pulling back soldiers from around the site of that incident after more than a dozen rounds of top-level military talks -- and after a two-year stand-off.

New Delhi is also concerned over Beijing's increasing presence in the Indian Ocean, seeing the region as firmly within its sphere of influence.

India and the United States are both members of the so-called Quad, a security alliance focused on the Indo-Pacific and aimed at providing a more substantive counterweight to China.

- Delayed succession -

Chauhan's career also included a commanding role in disputed Kashmir -- home to a long-running insurgency against Indian rule -- and cross-border strikes in 2019 against militant groups in neighbouring Myanmar.

His appointment ends months of uncertainty over who would succeed General Bipin Rawat, who was killed in a helicopter crash in December 2021.

Rawat, 63, was the first chief of defence staff and was considered a close supporter of Hindu nationalist Prime Minister Narendra Modi, who created the post especially for him.

While in office, Rawat ruffled Beijing's feathers by repeatedly questioning its actions at their disputed borders and warning Nepal about China's growing footprint.

India has been trying to modernise and streamline its 1.4 million-strong armed forces, and is also working to reduce its reliance on foreign arms, unveiling its first locally made aircraft carrier earlier this month.


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Japan urges 'stable' China ties, 50 years after normalisation
Tokyo (AFP) Sept 29, 2022
Japan called Thursday for "constructive and stable" ties with China as the two sides marked 50 years since the normalisation of relations, albeit with little public fanfare. Growing friction over China's military might and regional sabre-rattling has left ties between Beijing and Tokyo frosty, and there was no major diplomatic ceremony to mark the anniversary. Instead, messages from Japanese Prime Minister Fumio Kishida and Chinese President Xi Jinping were read out at an event in Tokyo backed b ... read more

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