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FLORA AND FAUNA
Mutations help organisms become kings of the mountain
by Staff Writers
East Lansing MI (SPX) Jul 05, 2011

Bjorn Ostman of MSU's BEACON Center uses computer simulation to research evolution in action. Photo by G.L. Kohuth.

Evolutionary adaptation is often compared to climbing a hill, and organisms making the right combination of multiple mutations - both good and bad - can become the king of the mountain.

A new study published in the Proceedings of the Royal Society of London by BEACON researchers at Michigan State University suggests that the combined effect of multiple mutations working together can speed up this process.

Through computer simulations, researchers at BEACON, a National Science Foundation-funded Science and Technology Center at MSU, were able to watch evolution play out and see how populations use these combinations to evolve from one adaptive state to another.

Traditional molecular biology approaches allow researchers to look only at so many genes at once. In comparison, computer simulations can process a bigger set of mutations and analyze them consecutively, offering a much more complex and more realistic view of how evolution works in real life, said Bjorn Ostman, postdoctoral researcher at BEACON.

"In reality, many mutations that affect different traits interact with each other, and a single mutation also can affect multiple traits," he said. "Multiple mutations may actually cooperate to give the organism a bigger boost in fitness than the individual mutations would on their own."

Recent evolutionary experiments look at a relatively short period of adaptation where only beneficial mutations occurred. Taking a different approach, Ostman and the team did not focus solely on beneficial mutations.

Bad mutations as well as the ones needed to overcome them can actually interact with beneficial mutations to enable organisms to achieve high fitness - being able to survive and reproduce at a high rate - and cross valleys of low fitness, sometimes even accelerating evolution.

"We were able to examine multiple peaks and valleys rather than focus solely on how a population climbs a single peak," Ostman said. "These fitness landscapes simply could not be traversed with mutations that did not interact."

Arend Hintze and Christoph Adami, MSU BEACON researchers, contributed to this study. MSU's BEACON has partners at North Carolina A and T State University, University of Idaho, University of Texas at Austin and University of Washington.




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Sea urchins see with their whole body
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Many animals have eyes that are incredibly complex - others manage without. Researchers at the University of Gothenburg have shown that sea urchins see with their entire body despite having no eyes at all. The study has been published in the scientific journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS). Most animals react to light and have developed a very sophisticated w ... read more


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