Nations on Friday committed to "significantly reduce" single-use plastics over the next decade, in a series of voluntary pledges that green groups warned fell short of tackling Earth's pollution crisis.

After marathon talks in Nairobi, countries appeared to have reached a deal over throwaway plastic items such as bags, cups and cutlery to reduce the more than eight million tonnes of plastics entering oceans each year.

The final ministerial statement -- issued on a day of youth protests against climate change -- made only two references to man-made global warming and none to the fossil fuels that drive it.

It said countries would "address the damage to our ecosystems caused by the unsustainable use and disposal of plastic products, including by significantly reducing single-use plastic products by 2030."

Sources close to the talks told AFP that several rich nations, led by the United States, were influential in watering down the pledge.

An initial ministerial statement at the beginning of the UN environment assembly this week had proposed a commitment to "phase out single-use plastics... by 2025" -- a far stronger promise than the compromise nations appear to have reached.

"It's hard to find one solution for all member states," said Siim Kiisler, UN assembly president, told journalists before the final decision.

"The environment is at a turning point. We don't need verbose documents, we need concrete commitments."

The world currently produces more than 300 million tonnes of plastics annually, and there are at least five trillion plastic pieces floating in our oceans, scientists have estimated.

When asked specifically whether the US had played a spoiler role during the week's negotiations, Kiisler told journalists: "I will not answer that question."

- Geo-engineering dispute -

The UN this week released its periodic assessment of the health of our planet.

As much as a quarter of all premature death and disease is caused by manmade pollution, environmental damage and a lack of access to clean sanitation, said the Global Environmental Outlook report.

Joyce Msuya, the UN's interim environment head, said states had reached consensus on "issues vital to human and planetary health".

But unlike the UN's parallel process on climate change, the environmental assembly has no legal means of enforcing what countries promise.

The summit started on a sombre note after several UN staffers perished in the Ethiopian Airlines plane crash on Sunday.

Delegates on Friday held a minute's silence at the start of the final plenary, and UN staff lit a string of candles along the assembly hall.

Another major bone of contention during negotiations was geo-engineering, the use of untested, large-scale infrastructure projects to mitigate the climate impact of manmade emissions.

A Swiss proposal for greater oversight on these potentially powerful but risky projects was met with "fierce opposition" from the US and Saudi Arabia, one source close to the talks told AFP.

Green groups fear geo-engineering such as carbon-capture and so-called "solar radiation management" -- essentially pumping reflective material into the atmosphere to bounce back more of the Sun's rays -- would allow richer nations to burn fossil fuels well into the future while seeming to commit to tackle climate change.

Even if these schemes eased global warming, they would not address the carbon dioxide emissions that are acidifying the oceans, say experts.

"They want to avoid further regulation, governance, and oversight over these technologies and it's definitely in the interest of the fossil-fuel industry," said Linda Schneider, senior programme officer of International Climate Policy at Germany's Heinrich Boell Institute.

Charities gave a lukewarm reception to the commitments due Friday.

"World leaders have agreed some important steps to safeguard the environment," Harjeet Singh of ActionAid told AFP.

"But we cannot continue to ignore the bigger picture -- rising global inequality is driving unsustainable levels of consumption and destroying the world's natural resources."

Mohamed Adow of Christian Aid said "more was expected from this meeting to tackle the one existential environmental crisis of our times: climate change."

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