How do you integrate the advantages of a benchtop laser that fills a room onto a semiconductor chip the size of a fingernail?

The project, described in Nature Communications, was co-led by John Bowers, distinguished professor at University of California/Santa Barbara, and Kerry Vahala, professor at the California Institute of Technology. Lin Zhu, professor at Clemson University, also collaborated on the project.

The technology "has the potential to reshape the landscape of integrated photonics," write co-lead authors Mingxiao Li, a former PhD student in Lin's Laboratory for Nanophotonics at Rochester's Hajim School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and Lin Chang, a former postdoctoral student at University of California/Santa Barbara.

It will pave the way for new applications of integrated semiconductor lasers in LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) remote sensing that is used, for example, in self-driving cars. The technology could also lead to advances in microwave photonics, atomic physics, and AR/VR.

A 'fully on-chip laser solution'
Integrated semiconductor lasers have been at the core of integrated photonics, enabling many advances over the last few decades in information technologies and basic science.

"However, despite these impressive achievements, key functions are missing in current integrated lasers," Li says. "Two major challenges, the lack of fast reconfigurability and the narrow spectral window, have become major bottlenecks that stall the progression of many evolving applications," Chang adds.

The researchers say they've overcome these challenges by creating a new type of integrated semiconductor laser, based on the Pockels effect. The laser is integrated with a lithium-niobate- on-insulator platform.

The new technology includes these beneficial features:

+ Fast frequency chirping, which will be invaluable in LiDAR sensor systems, which measure distance by recording the time between emission of a short pulse and reception of reflected light.

+ Frequency conversion capabilities that overcome spectral bandwidth limitations of traditional integrated semiconductor lasers. This will "significantly relieve" the difficulties in developing new wavelength lasers.

+ Narrow wavelength and fast reconfigurability, providing a "fully on-chip laser solution" to probe and manipulate atoms and ions in atomic physics, and benefit AR/VR and other applications at short wavelengths.

Other coauthors from Lin's group include postdoctoral associate Yang He and graduate students Jingwei Lin, Shixin Xue, Jeremy Staffa, Raymond Lopez-Rios, and Usman Javid.

Research Report:Integrated Pockels laser

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