Unveiling his annual budget, Finance Minister Bill English said the damage from the quakes in September and February was NZ$15 billion ($11.8 billion), equivalent to eight percent of New Zealand's gross domestic product (GDP).

"It's difficult to find a natural disaster that's had a bigger impact on any country," he told reporters, adding that estimates put the damage from Japan's earthquake and tsunami disaster at 3-5 percent of Tokyo's GDP.

English said the government's portion of the repair bill was NZ$8.8 billion, forcing cuts to the public sector, retirement savings and middle-class welfare as part of a wider strategy to make the economy more efficient.

He said the Christchurch quakes, the second of which claimed 181 lives, had stalled a fragile recovery and it was vital to New Zealand's economic health that the city was swiftly rebuilt.

"Christchurch is not only our second-largest city, it is also a major industrial, tourism and regional hub, and is therefore essential to the performance of the wider economy," he said.

English said that despite the mammoth earthquake repair bill, the budget would return to surplus in 2014/15, a year earlier than previously forecast, after plunging to a record NZ$16.7 billion deficit in 2010/11.

"From the depths of the global financial crisis, when a decade of red ink was in prospect, and despite the devastating Canterbury earthquakes and other setbacks, the government has laid the basis for future prosperity," he said.

As a result, he said the conservative National Party-led government could not afford to include vote-winning sweeteners in the budget ahead of a general election on November 26.

Instead, the government would seek savings of NZ$5.2 billion over five years, around NZ$3.1 billion of which would be redirected to boost health and education.

English also announced plans to raise NZ$5-7 billion by further reducing the government's 74.6 percent stake in Air New Zealand and partially privatising four state-owned energy assets.

About NZ$1 billion in cuts would come from the public service, although English gave no estimate of potential job cuts.

He said the government would also halve its contribution to the Kiwisaver pension scheme, while increasing the amount that workers and employers pay.

Other cuts included focusing a welfare scheme for families on low-income earners and tightening the government's interest-free loan scheme for students.

The budget figures assume the economy, which narrowly avoided dipping into recession in late 2010, will grow almost three percent a year over the next four years.

Standard & Poor's maintained a negative outlook on New Zealand's AA+ rating, saying it was important the government met fiscal targets outlined in the budget to avoid a downgrade.

"New Zealand's credit quality is weakened by its high external liabilities, despite some deleveraging in recent years," the agency said in a statement.

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