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THE STANS
Two NATO soldiers killed in Afghanistan attack
by Staff Writers
Kabul (AFP) May 20, 2012

NATO: The world's biggest defense alliance
Chicago (AFP) May 20, 2012 - Founded in the early days of the Cold War, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization has grown into a collective defense group of 28 nations from North America and Europe.

The United States, Canada and 10 European allies signed a treaty in Washington on April 4, 1949, creating an enduring military alliance based on solidarity against threats from the Soviet Union.

The first European nations to team up with North America were Britain, Belgium, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, Norway, the Netherlands and Portugal.

Turkey and Greece joined in 1952 while Germany and Spain joined in subsequent years before the alliance opened its doors to former Soviet satellites following the fall of the Iron Curtain.

Poland, Hungary and the Czech Republic become the first former communist bloc nations to join NATO in 1999 before a second wave on March 2004 brought Lithuania, Estonia, Latvia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Bulgaria and Romania.

The last two nations to join NATO were Albania and Croatia in 2009.

The United States is by far the biggest contributor to the alliance, representing 75 percent of defense spending, compared to 50 percent a decade ago.

The alliance's central tenet is Article 5, which states that an attack on one NATO nation represents an attack on all.

This principle was invoked only once in NATO's history, on September 12, 2001, the day after Al-Qaeda's suicide airplane attack on the United States.

NATO was first headquartered in London and then Paris before moving to Brussels in 1966. Its military command center, known by its acronym SHAPE, is in Mons, Belgium

Anders Fogh Rasmussen, a former Danish prime minister, has held the post of secretary general, the alliance's top civilian official, since August 2009.


Two NATO soldiers were killed in an attack in Afghanistan Sunday as alliance leaders gathered in Chicago for a summit dominated by plans to pull troops out of the Afghan war.

Two children also died and several civilians were wounded as a suicide bomber targeted a NATO convoy in Tirin Kot, capital of southern Uruzgan province, Afghan police said.

At least 162 troops with NATO's International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) have died in Afghanistan this year, according to an AFP count based on the website icasualties.org.

More than 3,000 have been killed since the US led an invasion to topple the Taliban regime in late 2001.

"Two International Security Assistance Force service members died following an insurgent attack in southern Afghanistan today," ISAF said in a statement, without giving further details.

Two children were also killed, the Uruzgan provincial police chief told AFP.

"In a suicide attack against an ISAF convoy in Tirin Kot this morning two children were killed and several other civilians were wounded," said General Matiullah Khan.

The number of civilians killed in the Afghan war has risen steadily each year for the past five years, reaching a record of 3,021 in 2011, the great majority caused by militants, according to UN statistics.

The Taliban this month announced the start of their annual spring offensive, a campaign of bombings and attacks that picks up every year as the weather warms.

On Friday, a rocket attack by Taliban insurgents on a NATO base in the eastern Afghan province of Kunar killed two international soldiers and wounded six.

On Saturday, a suicide bomber struck at a lunch gathering of Afghan police and local civilians in southeast Afghanistan, killing at least 13 people, three of them policemen.

Despite the stubborn Taliban insurgency, war-weary international forces are seeking to hand control of security to Afghan forces while withdrawing their combat troops by the end of 2014.

In Chicago, NATO is likely to talk up the ability of Afghanistan to survive the departure of its troops.

But NATO's rush to get out of a "quagmire" in Afghanistan risks the collapse of the state and strategic failure for the Western alliance in its decade-long war, former senior EU adviser on Afghanistan Barbara Stapleton warned in a report ahead of the summit.

Afghan President Hamid Karzai is in Chicago armed with a demand for $4.1 billion (3.2 billion euros) a year to fund his security forces after the pullout, amid fears the country could descend into a new civil war.

In return for the funding, Afghanistan will commit to preserving gains in respect of democracy and human rights, and to being an ally of the international community in the fight against terrorism.

Efforts to broker peace have stalled, with the insurgents in March pulling out of preliminary talks with the US in Qatar, saying Washington had not fulfilled confidence-building pledges such as releasing five Taliban leaders from the US military prison in Guantanamo Bay.

And they have steadfastly rejected talks with Karzai's administration, describing it as a puppet of the Americans.

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NATO chief urges Pakistan to help stabilize Afghanistan
Chicago (AFP) May 19, 2012 - NATO's chief urged Islamabad to back efforts to stabilize Afghanistan as he prepared for talks Saturday with Pakistani President Asif Ali Zardari, on the eve of a NATO summit.

Zardari was invited to the summit in Chicago amid expectations that Pakistan will lift a six-month blockade against NATO supply trucks that was put in place after US air strikes killed 26 Pakistani troops in November.

NATO has also pressed Islamabad to do more to prevent insurgents from taking advantage of the porous Afghan-Pakistani border region to take sanctuary inside Pakistan.

"We can't solve the problems in Afghanistan without the positive engagement of Pakistan," NATO Secretary General Anders Fogh Rasmussen said at a policy forum in Chicago, which is hosting the summit on Sunday and Monday.

"We have to solve these problems," he said, referring to the safe havens used by insurgents in Pakistan to launch attacks on NATO troops across the border.

When he meets with Zardari later, Rasmussen said he would "convey a couple of clear messages," but he did not elaborate.

US President Barack Obama will host fellow leaders for two days of talks focused on plans to gradually hand over security control to Afghan forces and pave the way for the withdrawal of 130,000 foreign combat troops by late 2014.

NATO hopes Afghanistan's security forces, which will grow to 352,000 later this year, can take the lead throughout the country next year, enabling foreign troops to gradually switch from combat to training mode.

But France's new President Francois Hollande has shaken up the carefully crafted transition plan, vowing to bring his 3,500 combat troops home this year, a year earlier than planned.

"The withdrawal is not negotiable. The withdrawal of combat forces is France's decision and this decision will be implemented," Hollande told reporters after White House talks with Obama on Friday.

Hollande, however, said he would honor a treaty signed by his predecessor Nicolas Sarkozy to provide training support for Afghan police and military forces.

Highlighting the challenges facing Afghan security forces, a suicide bomber struck at a lunch gathering of police and local civilians in the country's southeast on Saturday killing at least 13 people, three of them policemen.

Despite the early French withdrawal, NATO wants to show a united front in the last two years of combat in an increasingly unpopular war in Europe and America.

The alliance will also use the summit to reassure Afghan President Hamid Karzai that NATO will fund his security forces and continue training beyond 2014.

"Let me be clear," Rasmussen said. "NATO will continue to stand shoulder to shoulder with Afghanistan."



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THE STANS
Afghanistan pullout to dominate NATO summit
Chicago (AFP) May 20, 2012
More than 50 world leaders were gathering in Chicago for one of the biggest NATO summits in history Sunday aiming to hammer out a unified exit strategy from Afghanistan after a decade of war. A huge security operation has swung into place in the political backyard of US President Barack Obama, with police deployed along the main arteries, some on horseback, as Coast Guard boats topped with m ... read more


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